165 years and 4.3 billion km. What’s more, the parent star of GJ 1214b is a M-dwarf, much smaller, dimmer and cooler than the sun. In the early days of planet hunting, everyone was focused on worlds orbiting sunlike stars since they were thought to be the most likely places for life to arise. But it gradually dawned on the scientists that M-dwarfs might be home to habitable planets too, ...
even rates of flu infection all year long, without the sharp peaks and valleys of infection rate graphs seen in cooler countries. But cold temperatures aren’t the only reason for the fluctuations of the flu infection rates. Most of us spend less time in the sun during the winter, and that means we can end up vitamin D deficient. It would leave us more vulnerable to any number of infections. ...
to be added to the atmosphere every year.Cities need less air conditioning when trees are planted — it's noticeably cooler in Central Park than it is a few feet away on the New York City streets. According to forest meteorologist Gordon Heisler, homes save 10 percent in cooling costs when surrounded by trees. Heisler and others are part of the ongoing Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project, ...
be found that are up to 200,000 years old at some places in Africa.In China, where the temperature is, on the whole, cooler than in Africa, it is possible that ages of up to 1,000,000 years can be determined.It is, of course, very useful to know how old relics might be, but, in particular, we might now be able to come to some better conclusion as to how old "modern man"(a term describing all ...
but land, giving up the same amount of heat, drops to a considerably lower temperature.The result is that the ocean is cooler than the neighboring land in hot weather, and warmer than the neighboring land in cool weather. The ocean, when nearby, therefore exerts a moderating influence on the land's temperature so that the "oceanic climate" of coastal areas and of islands tends to be milder ...
does not have the chance to warm the Earth because snow is more reflective than bare ground is. Summers therefore grow cooler still.Thus, the glaciers slowly form and move southward, reaching as far south, at an extreme, as the Ohio River and Long Island. The sea-level drops and land bridges connect Asia with North America in the north and with Australia in the south, so that human beings ...
hours of the day available for activity and enabled human beings to extend their range beyond the tropics and into cooler regions. Fire frightened other animals, including the great predators, so that human beings could sleep safely in a cave that had a campfire at the mouth. That added to human Security.Fire could roast meat and make it taste better and also soften its fibers so that it was ...
are listening. However, temperatures go up and down irregularly and the next couple of years are liable to be a little cooler than 1988 even though the general trend is upward. If this happens, I imagine that people will forget again, until a year comes in the near future that is even worse than 1988.But what can we do about the problem? To begin with, we must cut down on the burning of coal ...
of additional heat and the sun will begin to expand. It will grow much larger and the outermost layers will become cooler. The surface of the sun will decline from white heat to mere red heat and it will become a "red giant."Though the outer layers of the sun will cool, its orb will grow so large that the total heat reaching Earth will steadily increase as the sun expands. Long before the sun ...